Kazakhstan

Ensure that all energy prices take into account long-run marginal costs and environmental externalities, to provide sufficient incentives to pursue energy efficiency, and to level the playing field for and stimulate the development of new sources of supply. Any price rises should be accompanied by policies to mitigate their impact on the most vulnerable segments of the population.

Maintain close co-operation with the Bureau of National Statistics and continue using official energy statistics as the foundation for analysis in strategic documents and when drafting new legislation.

Prioritise the diversification of oil export routes.

Continue and expand auctions to build renewable energy sources (RES) and flexible capacity.

Develop a (real-time) balancing market to efficiently mobilise all available resources for system balancing (or balancing demand and supply), which will be increasingly beneficial as variable renewables grow.

Adopt the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) implementation roadmap for Kazakhstan.

Adopt policy measures to reduce emissions from sectors not covered by the emission trading system (ETS), including transport, the residential sector and services.

Reduce emissions by adopting more stringent air pollution standards for such plants, including through best available techniques (BAT), and ensuring enforcement. Ensure that Kazakhstan’s BAT and technical emissions standards are in line with international best practice.