Important message for WDS users

The IEA has discontinued providing data in the Beyond 2020 format (IVT files and through WDS). Data is now available through the .Stat Data Explorer, which also allows users to export data in Excel and CSV formats.

Read documentation

Data and statistics

Levelised cost of hydrogen via selected technologies in Northwest Europe in the Announced Pledges Scenario, 2023-2030

Open

USD/kg H₂

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Natural gas​w/o CCUSNatural gas​w/CCUSSolar PV​electrolysisOnshore wind​electrolysisOffshore​wind​electrolysisNatural gas​w/o CCUSNatural gas​w/CCUSSolar PV​electrolysisOnshore wind​electrolysisOffshore​wind​electrolysis024681020232030 APS
  • Natural gas without CCUS
  • Natural gas with CCUS
  • Solar PV electrolysis
  • Onshore wind electrolysis
  • Offshore wind electrolysis

Cost of capital by project type in selected countries, 2022

Open

%

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Weighted average cost of capitalBrazilIndiaIndonesiaMexicoSouth AfricaSenegalVietnamAdvanced​economies468101214
  • Solar PV
  • Natural Gas
  • Utility scale batteries
  • Offshore wind

Announced manufacturing project throughput and deployment of key technologies in the Net Zero Scenario, 2030

Open

%

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Solar PVBatteriesWindHeat pumpsElectrolysers050100150NZE Scenario deployment needs in 2030
  • Existing manufacturing capacity: 2022 production
  • Existing manufacturing capacity: Increased utilisation
  • Announced manufacturing projects: Committed
  • Announced manufacturing projects: Preliminary
  • Gap to NZE

Indicative levelised cost of electricity for 2018 investments, by financing cost in Vietnam

Open

USD/MWh

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Low WACC @~4%High WACC @~9%Utility-scale solar PVOnshore wind020406080100120

Average annual capacity factors by technology, 2018

Open

%

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Efficient gasSolar PVOnshore windOffshore wind010203040506070