Data and statistics

Global public spending on energy R&D, 2010-2022

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Corporate spending on energy R&D, 2010-2022

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Venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups, 2010-2022

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Comparison of CO2 emissions reductions in 2050 relative to base year by technology maturity in the 2021 and 2023 NZE Scenarios

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Electric car sales in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2015-2030

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Market size and concentration of selected energy-related refined commodities

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Global fossil fuel demand in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, 2022 and 2030

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Clean energy investment in emerging market and developing economies in the Net Zero Scenario Emissions by 2050, 2022 and 2030

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Evolution of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion implied between first and current Nationally Determined Contributions, 2030

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Regional coverage of long-term Net Zero Scenario pledges, 2030

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Annual CO2 emissions change rate in selected regions implied by current Nationally Determined Contributions and IEA scenarios, 2010-2035

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Global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion implied by Nationally Determined Contributions and the Stated Policies Scenario, by 2030

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