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Data and statistics

Global methane emissions from fossil fuels and COP28 pathway, 2030

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million tonnes

Created with Highcharts 9.3.320152016201720182019202020212022202320242030020406080100120140
  • Methane emissions from fossil fuels
  • COP28 pathway

Hydrogen production and transport costs to Germany, 2035

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USD/kg H₂

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Germany (Onshore wind)Germany (Offshore wind)Ukraine (Pipeline)United Kingdom (Pipeline)Spain (Pipeline)Morocco (Pipeline)0123456789101112
  • Production
  • Transport
  • WACC premium
  • 20-inch pipeline

Direct and indirect job creation from deploying 2.5 Mtpa of hydrogen over 10 years

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Thousand workers

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Years from start of deploymentConstruction - Solar PVConstruction - Onshore windO&M - Solar PVO&M - Onshore windO&M - Electrolysis123456789101112131415020 00040 00060 00080 000100 000120 000
  • Construction - Solar PV
  • Construction - Onshore wind
  • C&M - Electrolysis
  • O&M - Solar PV
  • O&M - Onshore wind
  • O&M - Electrolysis
  • Manufacturing - Solar PV
  • Manufacturing - Onshore wind

Contributing factors to levelised cost of hydrogen production difference between Germany and Ukraine, 2023

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USD/kg

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3LCOHResource qualityCAPEXPre-invasion WACCPost-invasion WACCLCOH Ukraine02468101214

Global hydrogen production by technology in the Net Zero Scenario, 2019-2030

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Mt H2

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3202020212022202320242025202620272028202920300255075100125150175
  • Fossil fuels without CCUS
  • By-product
  • Fossil fuels with CCUS
  • Electricity
  • Bioenergy

Global hydrogen demand by sector in the Net Zero Scenario, 2020-2030

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Mt H2

Created with Highcharts 9.3.32019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920300255075100125150
  • Refining
  • Ammonia
  • methanol
  • Iron and steel
  • New uses

Global hydrogen production CO2 emissions and average emissions intensity in the Net Zero Scenario, 2019-2030

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Created with Highcharts 9.3.3CO2 emissions (Mt CO₂-eq)Emission intensity ( kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂-eq)20202021202220232024202520262027202820292030020040060080010001200140016000246810121416NZE
  • Direct production
  • By-product hydrogen
  • Upstream and midstream
  • Average emissions intensity

World electricity generation in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2010-2035

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thousand TWh

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3201020152020202520302035036912
  • Solar PV
  • Wind
  • Coal
  • Natural gas
  • Nuclear
  • Hydropower

Renewable fuel consumption by fuel, main case and Net Zero Scenario, 2023-2030

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EJ

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3x 1.3 ↗x 1.9 ↗x 3.5 ↗> x 10 ↗> x 10 ↗Solid biomassLiquid biofuelsBiogasesRenewable hydrogenE-fuels051015202530
  • 2023
  • 2030 Main case
  • 2030 NZE
  • Growth factor

Renewable hydrogen and e-fuel demand, main case, 2030

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PJ

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3EuropeUnited StatesChinaRest of world0102030405060
  • Renewable hydrogen
  • E-fuels

Renewable fuel demand by sector, main case, 2023

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Created with Highcharts 9.3.3Energy demand (EJ)Share of demandIndustryBuildingsTransportElectricity generation024681012140%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%Renewable fuelsTransformation
  • Solid bioenergy
  • Liquid biofuels
  • Biogases
  • Hydrogen
  • E-fuels
  • Share of demand

Renewable energy demand growth by sector, main case, 2023-2030

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Created with Highcharts 9.3.3HeatTransportEJShares2023Growth20302023Growth20302023Growth20300102030405060700%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Electricity
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Hydro
  • Other
  • Renewable electricity
  • Bioenergy
  • Hydrogen and efuels
  • Shares
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