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Data and statistics

Contributing factors to levelised cost of hydrogen production difference between Germany and Ukraine, 2023

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USD/kg

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3LCOHResource qualityCAPEXPre-invasion WACCPost-invasion WACCLCOH Ukraine02468101214

Current limits on hydrogen blending in natural gas networks and gas demand per capita in selected locations

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Created with Highcharts 9.3.3cubic metersGermanyFranceSpainAustriaLithuaniaSwitzerlandSwitzerla…FinlandNetherlandsNetherla…CaliforniaBelgiumUnited​KingdomJapanLatvia024681012060012001800240030003600
  • Blend limit
  • Blend limit under certain conditions
  • Per capita gas demand (right axis)

Energy RD&D budgets by technology in selected IEA countries and the European Union, 2017-2018

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million USD (2018 PPP)

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3FranceEuropean UnionGermanyOther IEA (estimated)20172018201720182017201820172018201720180200040006000800010 00012 000United States
  • Energy efficiency
  • Fossil fuel
  • Renewable energy
  • Nuclear
  • Hydrogen and fuel cells
  • Other power and storage
  • Cross-cutting
  • Unallocated

Limits on hydrogen blending in natural gas networks, 2018

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%

Created with Highcharts 9.3.3% hydrogen by volumeGermany*FranceSpainAustriaSwitzerlandLithuania*FinlandNetherlands*JapanUnited KingdomBelgiumCalifornia01234567891011
  • All gas
  • Allowable under certain circumstances