Public energy RD&D budgets by country for IEA members and the European union, 2021

Notes

The amounts shown are based on 2021 energy RD&D budgets for: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States. The amounts shown are based on 2020 energy RD&D budgets for: Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, United Kingdom and the European Union. The amounts shown are based on 2019 energy RD&D budgets for: Italy. Data for the United States were estimated by IEA Secretariat. European Union refers to the European Union budget under Horizon 2020 and the Innovation Fund, and not to the sum of national budgets of European Union member countries.