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Energy intensity improvements by driver, 2008 vs 2023

Last updated 28 Mar 2025

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Sources

IEA analysis based on data from IMO (change of speed and size of ships) and: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2024, based on data from Clarksons Research (activity).

Notes

The breakdown of energy intensity improvement is derived from an analysis of bulk carriers and container ships, the two most important ship types by energy demand. The “Other” category includes improvements in load factors, routing, and ship design.

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